ViralPatel.net

Welcome to Freemarker Tutorial Series. In previous post we created our first Hello World Freemarker Template example. We learned few APIs of freemarker and also how template file is loaded in Java and values are replaced. Today we will create a Servlet based application that uses Freemarker FTL as view instead of default JSP. This would give you a good insight in Servlet+Freemarker integration. The application is very simple: 1. There is a table that displays user info like firstname, lastname. 2. New user can be added via Add User form. Below is the wireframe of our final freemarker based servlet app.

So lets get started.

Things We Need

Before we starts with our Servlet FreeMarker example, we will need few tools.

1. JDK 1.5 or above (download)
2. Tomcat 5.x or above or any other container (Glassfish, JBoss, Websphere, Weblogic etc) (download)
3. Eclipse 3.2.x or above (download)
4. Freemarker JAR v2.2.8 or above(download)

Let us start with our Servlet based Freemarker application.

Step 1: Getting Started

Open Eclipse and goto File -> New -> Project and select Dynamic Web Project in the New Project wizard screen.

After selecting Dynamic Web Project, press Next.

Write the name of the project. For example Freemarker_Hello_World. Once this is done, select the target runtime environment (e.g. Apache Tomcat v6.0). This is to run the project inside Eclipse environment. After this press Finish. Once the project is created, you can see its structure in Project Explorer. This is how the project structure would look like when we finish the tutorial and add all source code.

Till this step, our basic Eclipse web project is ready. We will now add Freemarker support to this project.

Step 2: Add FreeMarker Support to Servlet

First copy the Freemarker JAR file in WebContent > WEB-INF > lib folder. Create this folder if it does not exists. Once the JAR is in place, modify deployment descriptor (web.xml) file. Replace existing code with following: Don’t get scared!! :) we will dissect the code and understand whats happening here. 

File: /WebContent/WEB-INF/web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
  xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
  http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
 id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">

 <display-name>FreeMarker_Hello_World</display-name>
 <welcome-file-list>
  <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
 </welcome-file-list>

 <servlet>
  <servlet-name>freemarker</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet</servlet-class>

  <!-- FreemarkerServlet settings: -->
  <init-param>
   <param-name>TemplatePath</param-name>
   <param-value>/</param-value>
  </init-param>
  <init-param>
   <param-name>NoCache</param-name>
   <param-value>true</param-value>
  </init-param>
  <init-param>
   <param-name>ContentType</param-name>
   <param-value>text/html; charset=UTF-8</param-value>
   <!-- Forces UTF-8 output encoding! -->
  </init-param>

  <!-- FreeMarker settings: -->
  <init-param>
   <param-name>template_update_delay</param-name>
   <param-value>0</param-value>
   <!-- 0 is for development only! Use higher value otherwise. -->
  </init-param>
  <init-param>
   <param-name>default_encoding</param-name>
   <param-value>ISO-8859-1</param-value>
   <!-- The encoding of the template files. -->
  </init-param>
  <init-param>
   <param-name>number_format</param-name>
   <param-value>0.##########</param-value>
  </init-param>

  <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
 </servlet>

 <servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>freemarker</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>*.ftl</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>


 <servlet>
  <servlet-name>hello_servlet</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>net.viralpatel.freemarker.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
 </servlet>

 <servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>hello_servlet</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>

 <!--
  Prevent the visiting of MVC Views from outside the servlet container.
  RequestDispatcher.forward/include should and will still work. Removing
  this may open security holes!
 -->
 <security-constraint>
  <web-resource-collection>
   <web-resource-name>FreeMarker MVC Views</web-resource-name>
   <url-pattern>*.ftl</url-pattern>
  </web-resource-collection>
  <auth-constraint>
   <!-- Nobody is allowed to visit these -->
  </auth-constraint>
 </security-constraint>

</web-app>
Code language: HTML, XML (xml)

To start with first we make an entry for freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet servlet in web.xml. Note how we mapped this servlet with url-pattern *.ftl. Thus all the request that ends with .ftl will get processed by FreemarkerServlet servlet. In addition to this, we also provided few parameters to FreemarkerServlet. These parameters are more or less self explanatory. Have a look at comment. For our servlet app, we defined a new servlet net.viralpatel.freemarker.HelloServlet which we mapped to url /hello. This serves as an entry point to our app. We start with /hello page. The FTL templates will be saved in .ftl files in our WebApp folder. To avoid any unwanted access to these files we defined security-constraint in web.xml. Once we have setup web.xml, we add Java source code.

Step 3: Hello World FreeMarker

Create a class User.java under /src/net/viralpatel/freemarker folder. This class serves as bean class which we uses to set User data. Copy following code in User.java. 

File: /src/net/viralpatel/freemarker/User.java

package net.viralpatel.freemarker;

public class User {
 private String firstname;
 private String lastname;

 public User() {
 }

 public User(String firstname, String lastname) {
  this.firstname = firstname;
  this.lastname = lastname;

 }

 //Getter and Setter methods

}
Code language: Java (java)

Once User bean is created, we add HelloServlet. Create HelloServlet.java under /src/viralpatel/freemarker and copy following code. 

File: /src/net/viralpatel/freemarker/HelloServlet.java

package net.viralpatel.freemarker;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
 
 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
 private static List<User> userList = new ArrayList<User>();
 
 //Just prepare static data to display on screen
 static {
  userList.add(new User("Bill", "Gates"));
  userList.add(new User("Steve", "Jobs"));
  userList.add(new User("Larry", "Page"));
  userList.add(new User("Sergey", "Brin"));
  userList.add(new User("Larry", "Ellison"));
 }
}
Code language: Java (java)

We haven’t defined any doGet or doPost methods in servlet. We will add them shortly. Note how we defined a static instance of List<User>. We use it to store user list. Ideally instead of doing this, you should store user information in database. But for sake of simplicity of this example we store users in this static list. Add following doGet() method in HelloServlet. In this method we just set User list in request via request.setAttribute("users", userList); and forwards the request to /index.ftl. We do HTTP Forward here. The request gets forwarded to index.ftl. As this URL ends with .ftl, the servlet container triggers FreemarkerServet. This servlets load the index.ftl template file and renders the output.

@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
    //Put the user list in request and 
    //let freemarker paint it.
    request.setAttribute("users", userList);

    request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.ftl").forward(request, response);

}
Code language: Java (java)

In our example, we also have functionality of adding a user. We have a form with two fields firstname and lastname. User can add new users through this form. We define a doPost() method which gets called when add user form is submitted. In this method we get firstname, lastname values through request and add it in our user list. Also note how we called doGet() method inside doPost(). This is because we want to render same output, the user list on adding new user. Add doPost() method to HelloServlet.

@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {

    String firstname = request.getParameter("firstname");
    String lastname = request.getParameter("lastname");

    if (null != firstname && null != lastname &&
        !firstname.isEmpty() && !lastname.isEmpty()) {

        synchronized(userList) {
            userList.add(new User(firstname, lastname));
        }

    }

    doGet(request, response);
}
Code language: Java (java)

We are almost done. All we need is our freemarker template file. Create a file index.ftl under /WebContent/ folder. Copy following content into it. 

File: /WebContent/index.ftl

<html>
<head><title>ViralPatel.net - FreeMarker Hello World</title>

<body>
  <form name="user" action="hello" method="post">
   Firstname: <input type="text" name="firstname" /> <br/>
   Lastname: <input type="text" name="lastname" />  <br/>
   <input type="submit" value="Save" />
  </form>

  <table class="datatable">
   <tr>
    <th>Firstname</th>  <th>Lastname</th>
   </tr>
    <#list users as user>
   <tr>
    <td>${user.firstname}</td> <td>${user.lastname}</td>
   </tr>
    </#list>
  </table>
</body>
</html>
Code language: HTML, XML (xml)

For sake of simplicity, I have removed CSS styles from the above FTL file. You can download the full source code at the end of this tutorial. Just compare your project structure with project structure image above. See if there are any differences.

That’s All Folks

You may want to run the application see the result. I assume you have already configured Tomcat in eclipse. All you need to do: Open Server view from Windows > Show View > Server. Right click in this view and select New > Server and add your server details.

To run the project, right click on Project name from Project Explorer and select Run as > Run on Server (Shortcut: Alt+Shift+X, R)

Use the Add User form to add new user into below list.

Download Source Code

FreeMarker_Servlet_helloworld.zip (513 KB)